{"id":228966,"date":"2020-12-09T01:45:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T17:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/4563.org\/?p=228966"},"modified":"2020-12-09T01:45:22","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T17:45:22","slug":"%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e8%a6%81%e4%bb%8e-linux-%e8%bf%81%e7%a7%bb%e5%88%b0-bsd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/4563.org\/?p=228966","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4ece Linux \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 BSD"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4ece Linux \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 BSD <\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u8cc7\u6df1\u5927\u4f6c : yklaxds <\/span> <\/i> 9<\/span> <\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cGNU\/Linux \u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u4e00\u56e2\u7cdf\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5206\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u7684\u81c3\u80bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u73a9\u5f04\u3002\u4ece GNU\/Linux \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 BSD \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6027\u7684\u5520\u53e8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb
\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u559c\u6b22\u6839\u636e\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52a3\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u8f6f\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u3001\u8c37\u6b4c\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u635f\u5bb3\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002
\u50cf\u5fae\u8f6f Windows 10 \u3001\u82f9\u679c MacOS \u3001\u8c37\u6b4c Android \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u56e0\u5176\u4e0d\u826f\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u8054\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5229\u7528 UEFI \u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 Windows \u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u56de\u5bb6\u7ed9\u8054\u60f3\u3002
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u90fd\u662f GNU\/Linux \u548c BSD \u7b49\u5f00\u6e90\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f00\u6e90\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002
\u6211\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u975e\u5e38\u53cd\u5bf9\u5173\u4e8e BSD \u548c Linux \u7684\u5178\u578b\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u53cb\u597d\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u559c\u597d\u6765\u8fa9\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u4eba\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6362\u6210\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u8f6f Windows \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 Linux Mint \u3001Xubuntu \u6216 Debian GNU\/Linux \u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 BSD \u548c GNU\/Linux \u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u8001\u5b9e\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u60f3\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0cGNU\/Linux \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e GNU\/Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5b83\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u4e13\u6709\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u7684\u574f\u5904\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6162\u6162\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u548c systemd \u4e2d\u3002
\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d70\u4f60\u7684\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7231\u597d\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u6ce8\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3 “\u722c\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6 “\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5347\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u88ab\u5413\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4efd\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u3002
\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9690\u79c1\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0 systemd \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6 init \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8d56 systemd\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u6218\u6597\u3002
\u6211\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1 GNU\/Linux \u7684\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u6837\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 BSD \u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u662f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684
1983 \u5e74\uff0cRichard Stallman \u5728\u4e00\u6761 Usenet \u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a GNU \u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5230 1987 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u79ef\u7d2f\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c47\u7f16\u5668\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u4f18\u5316 C \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff08 GCC \uff09\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff08 GNU Emacs \uff09\u548c\u5404\u79cd Unix \u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982 ls \u3001grep \u3001awk \u3001make \u548c ld \u3002
1991 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531 Linus Torvalds \u5728 GNU \u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u5916\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 Linux \u5185\u6838\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u5728 1992 \u5e74 12 \u6708\u4ee5 GNU \u901a\u7528\u516c\u5171\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7b2c 2 \u7248\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u7ed3\u5408 GNU \u9879\u76ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u719f\u77e5\u7684 “Linux”\u3002
\u63a5\u7740\uff0cLinux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5c06 Linux \u5185\u6838\u3001GNU \u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u3001\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3001X \u7a97\u53e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7a97\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u548c\u684c\u9762\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u684c\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7684\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u9014\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5f00\u6e90\u7231\u597d\u8005\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u662f\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002
\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\u3002
Linus Torvalds \u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3 “Linux \u4e16\u754c “\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u30022020 \u5e74 1 \u6708 6 \u65e5\uff0c\u5728 realworldtech.com \u7684 “\u4e3b\u6301\u8ba8\u8bba “\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\uff0cLinus Torvalds \u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a0\u76ee\u7ed3\u820c\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86 ZFS on Linux \u9879\u76ee\u3002
\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u5b8c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u540e\uff0cTorvalds \u53c8\u5bf9 ZFS \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u9519\u8bef\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002Torvalds \u8bf4
\u5b83(ZFS)\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
Linus Torvalds \u5c06 15 \u5e74\u6765\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7f29\u51cf\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a “\u6d41\u884c\u8bed”\u3002
ZFS \u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a “\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd”\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531 Sun Microsystems \u516c\u53f8\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002ZFS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u5927 16Exabyte \u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5927 256Quadrillion Zettabytes \u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff09\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u548c\u5199\u540e\u590d\u5236\u514b\u9686\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u590d\uff0cRAID-Z\uff0c\u539f\u751f NFSv4 ACL\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\u3002
Oracle \u548c OpenZFS \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97 ZFS \u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c Unix \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u6b63\u5982\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0cOpenZFS \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1e\u5f62\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 ZFS \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9 ZFS \u4ee5\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002OpenZFS \u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u6765\u81ea illumos \u3001Linux \u3001FreeBSD \u548c macOS \u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9 ZFS \u5f00\u6e90\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5c31\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 ZFS \u5f00\u6e90\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5f00\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709 ZFS \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u8bf4\u7684 “Linux \u662f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684 “harryruhr \u5199\u9053\u3002
\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u7684 BSD \u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u30023 \u4e2a “\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 “BSD – FreeBSD, NetBSD \u548c OpenBSD – \u5355\u5355\u5728\u6280\u672f\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b “\u65b0 “\u7684 BSD \u5206\u53c9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Dragonfly \u3001MidnightBSD \u3001HardenedBSD \u7b49\u7b49\u3002Distrowatch.com \u5217\u51fa\u4e86 18 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 BSD “\u53d1\u884c\u7248”\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u6781\u529b\u79f0\u8d5e\u7684 ZFS \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 FreeBSD \u548c\u8fd1\u4eb2\u624d\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e “ZFS on Linux”\u3002\u5b83\u5728 NetBSD \u548c OpenBSD \u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u3002
Linux \u662f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u3001GNU \u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5e93\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7c98\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
GNU \u9879\u76ee\u751a\u81f3\u4ece 1990 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u6838–GNU Hurd\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a Unix \u5185\u6838\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e Hurd \u5185\u6838\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
BSD \u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u96f6\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u5185\u6838\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u4eab BSD \u5185\u6838\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6811\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f46\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c FreeBSD \u6216 NetBSD \u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0cOpenBSD \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002
\u873b\u8713 BSD \u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002Matthew Dillon \u662f 1994 \u5e74\u5230 2003 \u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684 FreeBSD \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 2003 \u5e74\u5206\u53c9\u4e86 FreeBSD\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a FreeBSD \u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u591a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6 FreeBSD \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u5efa\u4e86 DragonflyBSD \u3002\u4f46 DragonflyBSD \u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u3002
\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 BSD \u9879\u76ee\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u90e8\u5206\u62fc\u51d1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002
\u81f3\u4e8e MidnightBSD\uff0cHardenedBSD\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u4e0e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e FreeBSD \u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728 FreeBSD \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u6253\u4e86\u8865\u4e01\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u5982\u679c BSD \u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u8be5\u50cf GNU\/Linux \u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 BSD \u5185\u6838\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u3002
\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c BSD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002
FreeBSD \u6216 NetBSD \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709 “\u7528\u6237\u533a “\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f GNU\/Linux \u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u5230 GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u788e\u7247\u5316\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u5177\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

OpenZFS on Linux\uff0c\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u7684 Linux \u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6709 345 \u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 5600 \u4e2a\u63d0\u4ea4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\uff01\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684 CDN \u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u670d\u52a1\u5728 FreeBSD \u6216 Linux \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c ZFS \u3002
\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684 CDN \u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u670d\u52a1\u90fd\u5728 FreeBSD \u6216 Linux \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c ZFS \u3002
\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cLinus Torvalds \u5728 TFiR: Open Source and Emerging Tech YouTube \u9891\u9053\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u7684 Linux \u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4 Linux \u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8 Chrome OS \u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002
Linus Torvalds \u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u8a00\u8bba\u8868\u660e\uff0cTorvalds \u5e94\u8be5\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u53d1\u8868\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8a00\u8bba\u4e5f\u8868\u660e Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u662f\u4e0e Linux \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u79bb\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002
Linus Torvalds \u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5f71\u54cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002
2009 \u5e74\uff0cLinus Torvalds \u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u6b63\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u5f97\u81c3\u80bf\u548c\u5e9e\u5927\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898……\u3002\u6211\u5f88\u60f3\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212… … \u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f 15 \u5e74\u524d\u6211\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7cbe\u7b80\u3001\u5c0f\u5de7\u3001\u8d85\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u6709\u70b9\u96be\u8fc7……\u3002\u5185\u6838\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u800c\u81c3\u80bf\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684 icache \u8db3\u8ff9\u662f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002
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\u5728 2007 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91c7\u8bbf “\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f9e\u804c”\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u8005 Con Kolivas \u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u548c Linux \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd \u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u8131\u8282 \u4f60\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6784\u6210 Linux \u7528\u6237\u7fa4 99.9%\u7684\u4eba\u3002Linux \u5185\u6838\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bf4\u53e5\u4e0d\u5ba2\u6c14\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868(lkml)\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u8bba\u575b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7edd\u5bf9\u5bb3\u6015\u5728\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53d1\u5e16\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u611a\u8822\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u9a82\u3002… \u6211\u60f3\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002
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\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u597d\u8bfb\u7269\u662f Linux \u7ef4\u62a4 bug \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002Linux \u4e0a ifconfig \u88ab\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e0e BSD \u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f FreeBSD \u3001OpenBSD \u3001NetBSD \u548c DragonFly BSD\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f “\u5185\u90e8 “\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5185\u6838\u3001\u6807\u51c6 C \u5e93\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5730\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u62fc\u51d1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u5df2\u88ab\u52ab\u6301
\u4e00\u4e2a Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5728\u88ab\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u63a8\u6765\u63a8\u53bb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fc5\u901f\u5931\u63a7\u3002
\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684 GNU\/Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5982 Debian GNU\/Linux \u548c Arch Linux\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7531\u5f00\u6e90\u7231\u597d\u8005\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e78\u514d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4e25\u91cd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a systemd \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u52a8\u673a\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1 systemd \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7ea2\u5e3d\u5bf9\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6700\u521d systemd \u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 init \u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u6162\u6162\u6210\u957f\u4e3a Poettering \u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684 “\u4e00\u5957\u4e3a Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6”\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de7\u5408\u3002
\u5728\u5bf9 Red Had \u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98 Jim Whitehurst \u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u3002
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\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9 Linux \u4e16\u754c\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u662f Google \u3002Google \u5f00\u53d1\u4e86 Android \u548c Chrome OS\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Linux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Chrome OS \u6e90\u4e8e Chromium OS\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 Google Chrome \u7f51\u7edc\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002
Chrome OS \u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5fae\u8f6f Windows \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Chrome OS \u5bf9\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f Chrome OS \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56 Googles \u7684\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002
\u8c37\u6b4c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8c37\u6b4c\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u5e7f\u544a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8ffd\u8e2a\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0 Google Analytics \u7684\u611a\u8822\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u5728 2019 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u7684 YouTube \u89c6\u9891\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b1\u7eb3\u65af-\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4f60\u641c\u7d22\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8be5\u89c6\u9891\u7531 Private Internet Access \u8d5e\u52a9\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u540e\u6765\u88ab Kape Technologies \u6536\u8d2d\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u5351\u9119\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Private Internet Access!
Cloudflare \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u5f71\u54cd Linux \u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5750\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u548c Cloudflare \u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5145\u5f53\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 Cloudflare \u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6700\u5927\u7684\u764c\u75c7\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
systemd \u548c Mozilla \u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06 Cloudflare \u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6838\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0csystemd \u5c06 Cloudflare \u548c Google \u7684 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u6574\u5408\u5230\u4e86 systemd-resolved \u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a opt-out\uff0cMozilla \u5219\u662f\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728 Firefox \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 HTTPS \u7684 DNS \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a Cloudflare \u3002
\u5c3d\u7ba1 Mozilla Firefox \u4e0d\u662f Linux \u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u540c Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5f53 Mozilla \u72af\u4e86\u5728 Firefox \u4e2d\u96c6\u6210 DNS over HTTPS \u7684\u5927\u9519\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u4f7f\u7528 Cloudflare \u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u5148\u4f8b\u3002DNS over HTTPS \u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5b83\u4e0e Cloudflare \u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u60c5\u51b5\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7cdf\u7cd5\u3002OpenBSD \u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u7684 Firefox \u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7981\u7528\u4e86 DNS over HTTPS\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Cloudflare \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u52ab\u6301\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 Red Hat \u901a\u8fc7 systemd \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06 GNU\/Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

BSD \u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5730\u65b9
\u9996\u5148\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u51b3\u7b56\u3002
\u4e0e Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cBerkeley \u8f6f\u4ef6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08 BSD \uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96f6\u6563\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002BSD \u9879\u76ee\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5185\u6838\u3002
BSD \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e Research Unix \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\uff08 CSRG \uff09\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c”BSD “\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5982 FreeBSD \u3001OpenBSD \u3001NetBSD \u548c DragonFly BSD \u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f “\u53d1\u884c\u7248”\u3002
Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5982 Debian GNU\/Linux \u548c Arch Linux \u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981 Linux \u5185\u6838\u3001GNU \u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cBSD \u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFreeBSD \u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b FreeBSD \u5185\u6838\u548c FreeBSD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u3002
\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u62e5\u6709 BSD \u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u548c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u793e\u533a\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002
\u516c\u53f8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8d21\u732e BSD\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e Linux \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u80fd “\u52ab\u6301 “BSD \u3002\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u4f5c\u81ea\u5df1\u7248\u672c\u7684 BSD\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7d22\u5c3c\u7535\u8111\u5a31\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684 PlayStation 3 \u3001PlayStation 4 \u548c PlayStation Vita \u6e38\u620f\u673a\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e BSD \u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a BSD \u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5f00\u6e90\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf Red Hat \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 BSD \u9879\u76ee\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e2a BSD \u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u7531\u6280\u672f\u7cbe\u6e5b\u3001\u70ed\u60c5\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u8865\u4e01\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 OpenBSD \u7981\u7528 DNS over HTTPS \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740 BSD \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u793e\u533a\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u4e50\u4e8e\u52a9\u4eba\u3001(\u5927\u90e8\u5206)\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u3002FreeBSD \u793e\u533a\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5584\u826f\u548c\u4e50\u4e8e\u52a9\u4eba\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e “\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba “\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u8bf4\u7684 “BSD \u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u65b9”\uff0charryruhr \u5199\u9053\u3002
\u4f5c\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a”BSD \u9879\u76ee\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5185\u6838” \u7684\u786e\uff0cBSD \u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7528\u6237\u56fd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f46 BSD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u591a\u5c11 “\u7528\u6237\u56fd\u5ea6”\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u7531 BSD \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 FreeBSD \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709 Xorg\uff0c \u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 “pkg install xorg” \u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u96c6\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002
\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u70b9\u64cd\u4e4b\u8fc7\u6025\u3002
\u60a8\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u60a8\u5fc5\u987b\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9879\u76ee\u7684 Xorg\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u5173\u4e8e GNU\/Linux \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 BSD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u96f6\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
harryruhr \u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\u3002
\u6700 “\u5b8c\u6574 “\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5b9e\u662f OpenBSD\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u81ea\u5e26 X \uff08 Xenocara \uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u81ea\u5e26 MTA \uff08 OpenSMTPd \uff09\u548c Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08 OpenBSD httpd \uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 OpenBSD \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u597d\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u7136,\u9664\u4e86 xterm \u548c xcalc \u4ee5\u53ca 3 \u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u5668(twm, fvwm \u548c cwm)\u4e4b\u5916,\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u592a\u591a\u7684 “\u56fe\u5f62 “\u7a0b\u5e8f. \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6216\u50cf\u6837\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
OpenBSD \u4e2d\u7684 X \u3001OpenSMTPd \u3001httpd \u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653e\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7559\u5728\u5916\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd OpenBSD \u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f OpenBSD \u6bd4 FreeBSD \u66f4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u4ef6\u4f7f OpenBSD \u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
OpenBSD \u9879\u76ee\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a OpenBSD \u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a OpenBSD \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898
Linux GPL \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u53cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5f3a\u5236\u53d1\u5e03\u6240\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 GPLv2 \u5c31\u963b\u6b62\u4e86 DDrace \u548c ZFS \u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u3002
\u800c BSD \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5236\u9020\u5546\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9 BSD \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5728 Linux \u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5f3a\u5236\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u53d1\u5e03\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
GPL \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5141\u8bb8\u516c\u53f8\u7b80\u5355\u5730 “\u7a83\u53d6 “\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7\u95ed\u6e90\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u4e88\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8feb\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u53d1\u5e03\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u539f\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8ba9\u516c\u53f8\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u6709\u64cd\u7eb5\u6027\u3002
\u7ea2\u5e3d\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u53d1\u5e03 systemd \u65f6\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a “\u91cd\u8981 “\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e systemd \u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u5e38\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f9d\u8d56 systemd \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9879\u76ee\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bf4\u670d\u91c7\u7528 systemd \u3002systemd \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5411\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9879\u76ee\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8981\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56 systemd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Lennart Poettering \u5728 Gnome \u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Red Hat \u5f00\u53d1\u8005 “keszybz “\u5728 tmux \u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u672c\u90fd\u88ab “\u4f2a\u88c5 “\u6210\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u4f60\u8bfb\u5230 Gnome \u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u957f\u957f\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u5f80\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u3002
\u5728 BSD \u4e2d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 BSD \u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0cSony \u5c31\u4f1a\u975e\u5e38\u52aa\u529b\u5730\u5f71\u54cd FreeBSD \u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684 PlayStation \u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 FreeBSD \u3002
\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 GNU\/Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5982 Debian GNU\/Linux \u3001Arch Linux\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f53\u5e74\u7684 Red Hat Linux\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5f53\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u7531\u6fc0\u60c5\u800c\u975e\u5229\u6da6\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d28\u91cf\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Linux \u548c BSD \u603b\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u518d\u7531\u6fc0\u60c5\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5229\u6da6\u9a71\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5229\u6da6\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u60c5\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fae\u8f6f Windows \u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u70c2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u5fae\u8f6f Windows \u5728\u684c\u9762\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1 Windows \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6216 IT \u652f\u6301\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u8f6f\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\u867d\u7136 BSD \u9879\u76ee\u786e\u5b9e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u5076\u5c14\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u6fc0\u60c5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5229\u6da6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u5bf9\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u505a\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\u3002
\u5173\u4e8e “BSD \u8fd8\u662f GPL “\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4e00\u6837\u53e4\u8001\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u652f\u6301\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u597d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u3002\u5173\u4e8e GPL \u5bfc\u81f4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u88ab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u6240\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002
\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3 “\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6 “\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u53d7\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u6027\u3002
\u6709\u4e86 BSD \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u6216\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u62ff\u7740\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505a\u5b83\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 BSD \u4e86
\u5927\u7ea6\u5728 1998-2000 \u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u5bb6\u91cc\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u5fae\u8f6f\u7684 Windows \u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 GNU\/Linux\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f Red Hat Linux\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u662f Debian GNU\/Linux \u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u82b1\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6 8 \u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u505a\u5fae\u8f6f Windows \u7684\u652f\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\u5f53\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u5411\u6211\u63a8\u8350 GNU\/Linux \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u7801\u793e\u533a\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u4e0e Windows \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u628a\u5ba2\u6237\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u7684 Windows \u8bbe\u7f6e\u66ff\u6362\u6210 Linux \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u65f6\u95f4\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u3002
\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 BSD \u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u53f0\u5f0f\u673a\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72 FreeBSD \u548c OpenBSD \u3002
\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0cLinux \u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 BSD \u8981\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528 Linux \u6bd4 BSD \u591a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5f88\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u786c\u4ef6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0cBSD \u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u786c\u4ef6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002
\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7 NetBSD \u6216 DragonFly BSD\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u66f4\u559c\u6b22 FreeBSD \u548c OpenBSD \u3002
\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u559c\u6b22 Debian GNU\/Linux \u548c Arch Linux\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u62c5\u5fc3 systemd \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6709\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u62c5\u5fc3\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7684\u81c3\u80bf\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5185\u6838\u5f3a\u5236\u9002\u5e94 DRM\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux \u6b63\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5206\u6563\u6027\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u6405\u5c40\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 Red Hat \u7684 systemd \u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 “BSD \u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c Linux \u53ea\u662f\u5185\u6838”\uff0c\u6216\u8005 “Linux \u662f\u7531\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u800c BSD \u662f\u7531\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u9a71\u52a8\u7684”\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff08\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e86\uff09\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7406\u7531\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6280\u672f\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
\u5fae\u8f6f Windows 10 \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u786c\u4ef6\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7528\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6765\u5f00\u8131\u3002\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c”\u5e9f\u8bdd\u592a\u591a”\u3002
\u6700\u8fd1\u5f3a\u884c\u91c7\u7528 DRM \u8fdb\u5165 Linux \u5185\u6838\uff0cLinus Torvalds \u51e0\u6b21\u8131\u79bb\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5bf9 Linux \u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u52a1\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u95fb\u4e0d\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0cLinux \u5185\u6838\u7684\u672a\u6765\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u4ece\u9690\u79c1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u60f3\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u7684 Linux \u5185\u6838\u65f6\u90fd\u6253\u4e0a\u8865\u4e01\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u9690\u79c1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46 FreeBSD \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bd5\u56fe–\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11–“\u52ab\u6301 “GNU\/Linux \u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u9009\u62e9 FreeBSD \u800c\u4e0d\u662f Linux \u7684\u6280\u672f\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n

\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u5206\u79bb
\u5728 FreeBSD \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8c03\u4f18\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528 FreeBSD \u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002
\u4ece 1998 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570 GNU\/Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd “\u4e0d\u5339\u914d “\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002
\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0cDebian GNU\/Linux \u6709 Debian \u7684\u505a\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Debian \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5957\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u8865\u4e01\u6765\u4f7f\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408 “Debian \u65b9\u5f0f “\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u4f60\u5728 Debian \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\u7684\u505a\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u4e0a\u6e38\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u70e6\u607c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u6e38\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e Debian \u4e0a\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 systemd\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u884c\u6309\u7167 “Debian \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f “\u53bb\u505a\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5 “Debian \u65b9\u5f0f “\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u3002Debian GNU\/Linux \u91c7\u7528\u4e86 systemd\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u662f Debian \u7279\u6709\u7684\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7981\u7528\u6216\u79fb\u9664 Debian \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9 systemd \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u5728\u50cf Arch Linux \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 “Arch \u65b9\u5f0f “\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002Arch Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5e0c\u671b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9664\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0a\u6e38\u6587\u6863\u4e0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9e\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u559c\u6b22 Arch Linux\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f Debian\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Debian \u6709\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002
Ubuntu \u5c31\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e Debian \u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f88\u591a Debian \u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709 “Ubuntu \u65b9\u5f0f”\uff0c\u5373\u5728 Debian \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6539\u8fdb\u5de5\u5177\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f Ubuntu \u51fa\u73b0\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6545\u969c\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef\u3002
\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u5185\u6838\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u5165 \/etc\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u5165 \/usr\/local\/etc \u3002\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5728 man \u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
\u4f60\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ece rc \u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u88ab init \u8c03\u7528\u540e\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u811a\u672c\uff09\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u518d\u5230 sysctl \u5185\u6838\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u3002
\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a FreeBSD \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5806\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u88ab\u7c98\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5468\u5168\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5e74\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u533a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u771f\u5b9e\u4f7f\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002
\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u9605\u8bfb Michael W. Lucas \u7684\u300a Absolute FreeBSD \u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e66\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u6863
\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u9879\u6280\u672f \/\u5de5\u5177\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u6863\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b83\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u3001\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u548c\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6587\u6863\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a Bug \u3002
FreeBSD \u7684\u6587\u6863\u662f\u968f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9644\u5e26\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 handbook \u624b\u518c\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a FreeBSD \u7f16\u5199\u7684\u3002\u60a8\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002
FreeBSD \u4e5f\u6709 FreeBSD \u624b\u518c\uff0c\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86 FreeBSD \u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u9700\u3002FreeBSD \u624b\u518c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u624b\u518c\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6301\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168
\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u610f\u5473\u7740\u60a8\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ea\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u4e8e\u6388\u6743\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002
FreeBSD \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ea2\u51fa\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0cFreeBSD \u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u9009\u9879\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u514d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u3002
\u6211\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a FreeBSD \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5199\u6ee1\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3 FreeBSD \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350 Michael W. Lucas \u7684\u300a Absolute FreeBSD \u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b89\u88c5 FreeBSD \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9690\u85cf\u5176\u4ed6 UID \u8fdb\u7a0b
\u9690\u85cf\u5176\u4ed6 GID \u8fdb\u7a0b
\u9690\u533f\u5df2\u88ab\u56da\u7981\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b
\u9690\u85cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\u7981\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u8bd5
\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b ID
\u7981\u7528 syslogd \u7f51\u7edc
\u7981\u7528 Sendmail
\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u53f0
\u975e\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u5806\u6808\u548c\u5806\u6808\u4fdd\u62a4
\u5927\u591a\u6570 FreeBSD \u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 security.bsd sysctl \u6811\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u9694\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c sysctl -d security.bsd \u6765\u663e\u793a\u60a8\u7684 FreeBSD \u5b89\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u9009\u9879\u3002
# sysctl -d security.bsd
security.bsd: BSD security policy
security.bsd.stack_guard_page: Specifies the number of guard pages for a stack that grows
security.bsd.unprivileged_get_quota: Unprivileged processes may retrieve quotas for other uids and gids
security.bsd.hardlink_check_gid: Unprivileged processes cannot create hard links to files owned by other groups
security.bsd.hardlink_check_uid: Unprivileged processes cannot create hard links to files owned by other users
security.bsd.unprivileged_idprio: Allow non-root users to set an idle priority
security.bsd.unprivileged_proc_debug: Unprivileged processes may use process debugging facilities
security.bsd.conservative_signals: Unprivileged processes prevented from sending certain signals to processes whose credentials have changed
security.bsd.see_jail_proc: Unprivileged processes may see subjects\/objects with different jail ids
security.bsd.see_other_gids: Unprivileged processes may see subjects\/objects with different real gid
security.bsd.see_other_uids: Unprivileged processes may see subjects\/objects with different real uid
security.bsd.unprivileged_read_msgbuf: Unprivileged processes may read the kernel message buffer
security.bsd.unprivileged_mlock: Allow non-root users to call mlock(2)
security.bsd.suser_enabled: processes with uid 0 have privilege
security.bsd.map_at_zero: Permit processes to map an object at virtual address 0.<\/p>\n

\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7edf\u8ba1
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a FreeBSD \u548c Linux \u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7edf\u8ba1\u5217\u8868\u3002FreeBSD \u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u6570\u91cf\u666e\u904d\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740 FreeBSD \u6bd4 Linux \u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a Linux \u4e0a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u3002
+———+———+——-+
| Year | FreeBSD | Linux |
+———|———|——-+
| 1999 | 18 | 19 |
| 2000 | 27 | 5 |
| 2001 | 36 | 22 |
| 2002 | 31 | 15 |
| 2003 | 14 | 19 |
| 2004 | 15 | 51 |
| 2005 | 17 | 133 |
| 2006 | 27 | 90 |
| 2007 | 9 | 62 |
| 2008 | 15 | 71 |
| 2009 | 11 | 102 |
| 2010 | 8 | 123 |
| 2011 | 10 | 83 |
| 2012 | 10 | 115 |
| 2013 | 13 | 189 |
| 2014 | 18 | 130 |
| 2015 | 6 | 86 |
| 2016 | 6 | 217 |
| 2017 | 23 | 454 |
| 2018 | 29 | 177 |
| 2019 | 18 | 170 |
|———|———|——-|
| Total | 361 | 2333 |
+———+———+——-+
\u6709\u5173\u7279\u5b9a\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b FreeBSD \u548c Linux \u7684 CVE \u8be6\u60c5\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027
FreeBSD \u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002FreeBSD \u4ece\u6784\u601d\u5230\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e03\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002
\u5f53\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u8fdb\u5165 “CURRENT”\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u5165\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b83\u8fdb\u5165 “STABLE”\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7fa4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7248\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u8fdb\u5165\u53d1\u5e03\u5019\u9009\u7248\u672c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6301\u7eed 3 \u8f6e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002
\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u76f8\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002
\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8865\u4e01\u53d1\u5e03\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fee\u590d\u4efb\u4f55\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3002
\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f FreeBSD \u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

Ports
FreeBSD Ports \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u58ee\u4e3e\u3002NetBSD \u7684 pkgsrc (package source) \u548c OpenBSD \u7684 ports collection \u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e FreeBSD ports \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u5f53\u60a8\u5728 Unix \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u540e\u89e3\u538b\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u538b\u7f29\u7684 tar \u5305\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728 INSTALL \u3001README \u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6587\u6863\uff0c \u5e76\u9605\u8bfb\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u662f\u4ee5\u6e90\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b83\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f16\u8f91\u4e00\u4e2a Makefile \u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a configure \u811a\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c \u5219\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002
FreeBSD ports Collection \u4f7f\u7528 Makefile \u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001 \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c \u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 make \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u7ec4\u6210 port \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c \u4ee5\u4fbf\u81ea\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001 \u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u3001 \u6253\u8865\u4e01\u3001 \u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c \u800c\u5728 ports \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf8\u5982 make install \u6216 make install clean \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c \u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u5e72\u9884 (\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd)\u3002\u5982\u679c port \u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u5176\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u5e93\uff0c \u5219\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5148\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u3002
\u5927\u591a\u6570 port \u90fd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f ports \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u524d\u4f7f\u7528 make config \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002
\u5728\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 38487 \u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53ef\u7528
\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cports \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5305\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c \u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 FreeBSD pkg – Binary Package Management \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u9884\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684 port \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a “package”\u3002
FreeBSD \u9879\u76ee\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u8054\u7f16\u573a\uff0c \u5176\u4e2d\u8054\u7f16\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u652f\u6301\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u8054\u7f16\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c \u800c\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u8054\u7f16\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u5b58\u6863\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6eda\u52a8\u53d1\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305
\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u60a8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u652f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb “quarterly”\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb “latest”\u3002
Quarterly \u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74 1 \u6708\u30014 \u6708\u30017 \u6708\u548c 10 \u6708\u7684\u5b63\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c \u4ece\u4fee\u8ba2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684 HEAD \u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u5207\u5272\u51fa\u6765\u7684 Ports \u5206\u652f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c \u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u652f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u96c6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002
Quarterly \u5206\u652f\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684 ports \u548c\u5305\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u65b0\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5b63\u5ea6\u5206\u652f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u5b89\u5168\u4fee\u590d\uff0c \u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c \u6216\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u56de\u6eaf\uff0c \u9519\u8bef\u4fee\u590d\u548c ports \u5408\u89c4\u6027\u6216\u6846\u67b6\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86 “latest”\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0cFreeBSD \u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u6eda\u52a8\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u548c Arch Linux \u5f88\u50cf\uff0c \u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

Poudriere
Poudriere \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5 FreeBSD \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5229\u7528 FreeBSD jail \u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b jail \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684 FreeBSD \u7f16\u8bd1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u955c\u50cf\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab FreeBSD pkg \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
Poudriere \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u795e\u5947\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 Poudriere\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u60a8\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6784\u5efa\u3002
Poudriere \u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u6574\u4e2a ports \u6811\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u8054\u7f16\uff0cports \u6811\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c \u6216\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a port \u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8054\u7f16\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c \u751f\u6210\u8054\u7f16\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b7e\u540d\u7684 pkg \u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c \u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8865\u4e01\u5230 FreeBSD bug \u8ddf\u8e2a\u5668\u4e4b\u524d\u6d4b\u8bd5 port \u8054\u7f16\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c \u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8054\u7f16\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002Poudriere \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u7684 Jail \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8054\u7f16\uff0c \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c \u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528 zfs \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4e3b\u673a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002
Poudriere \u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u7684 FreeBSD \u7248\u672c\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

ZFS
ZFS \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f FreeBSD \u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 ZFS \u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5bf9 ZFS \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c ZFS \u548c\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c ZFS \u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76 ZFS \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u3002
ZFS \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff08\u6458\u81ea\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09\u3002
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u96f6\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u9ad8\u914d\u7f6e\u6027\u3002
\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5c42\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6574\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u635f\u574f\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u8865\u6551\u3002\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5757\u7684\u7236\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5757\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6301\u6709\uff09\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5143\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\u635f\u574f\u540e\u7684\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6eda\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u3002
\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u5199\u5165\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u548c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\uff09\u65e0\u58f0\u5730\u81ea\u6108\u3002\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u5efa\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u7236\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u6821\u6b63\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff1b\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff09\uff1b\u5728 SLOG \uff08 ZIL \uff09\u4e0a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u751f\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5199\u5165\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u65ad\u7535\u540e\uff09\uff1b RAID\/RAIDZ \u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5377\u7684\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u955c\u50cf\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5377\u7684\u6570\u636e\u526f\u672c\u3002
\u6807\u51c6 RAID \u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u989d\u5916\u7684 ZFS RAID \u5e03\u5c40\uff08”RAIDZ”\uff09\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\uff0cRAIDZ \u7ea7\u522b\u53ea\u5728\u6240\u9700\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5265\u79bb\uff08\u8bb8\u591a RAID \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u4e0d\u52a0\u533a\u5206\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5265\u79bb\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u5efa\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u635f\u574f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5757\u3002
\u539f\u751f\u5904\u7406\u5206\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u5377\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a ZFS \u4e5f\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u3001\u6574\u5408\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5176\u5206\u5c42\u5b58\u50a8\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002
\u5bf9\u5feb\u7167\u548c\u5907\u4efd \/\u590d\u5236\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u5377\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u811a\u672c\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u3002
\u539f\u751f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5728 RAM \u4e2d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e14\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u3002
\u9ad8\u6548\u91cd\u5efa RAID \u9635\u5217–RAID \u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u6574\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u4f46 ZFS \u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5efa\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u635f\u574f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u91cd\u5efa\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\u4e0d\u53d7 RAID \u786c\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5e26\u7684 RAID \u786c\u4ef6\uff08\u5982 RAID \u5361\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a RAID \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u7f3a\u5c11\u539f RAID \u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u7ba1\u7406 RAID \u9635\u5217\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u63a5\u8fd1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a “\u57ab\u811a\u77f3”\u3002\u7531\u4e8e ZFS \u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406 RAID\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 ZFS \u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cRAIDZ \u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u518d\u6b21\u88ab ZFS \u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97 ZFS \u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u7f13\u5b58\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\uff08 ZFS \u7f13\u5b58\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u8d85\u8fc7 80%\uff09\u3002
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u6162\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5199\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5373 SLOG \uff08\u6709\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a ZIL–ZFS \u610f\u56fe\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u5165\u3002
\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53ef\u8c03\u6027–\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u90e8\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u4f73\u529f\u80fd\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u96c6\u7fa4\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u9014\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u3002
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 ZFS \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u8fd1 FreeBSD \u4e0e ZFS \u7684\u96c6\u6210\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883
\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e ZFS \u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u96c6\u6210\uff0cFreeBSD \u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5f15\u5bfc\u73af\u5883\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u514b\u9686\u6216\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5f39\u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u7834\u574f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u6eda\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65b0\u7684 ZFS \u5f15\u5bfc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u66f4\u65b0 FreeBSD \u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u63a5\u89e6\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 FreeBSD Jail \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5347\u7ea7\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u60a8\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 ZFS \u5f15\u5bfc\u73af\u5883\u590d\u5236\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002
FreeBSD \u7684 bectl \u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u60a8\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u542f\u52a8\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

BSD \u542f\u52a8
FreeBSD \u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 BSD \u98ce\u683c\u7684 init \u3002
\u5728 BSD \u98ce\u683c\u7684 init \u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \/etc\/inittab \u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u662f\u7531 rc \u811a\u672c\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002
\u5728 \/etc\/rc.d\/\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u811a\u672c\u662f\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 cron \u3001sshd \u3001syslog \u7b49\u3002\u800c \/usr\/local\/etc\/rc.d\/\u4e2d\u7684\u811a\u672c\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982 NGINX \u6216 Postfix \u3002
\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c \u7531\u4e8e FreeBSD \u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c \u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u6216\u7aef\u53e3\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c \u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5728 \/usr\/local\/ \u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e \/usr\/local\/bin\/\uff0c\u800c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u4f4d\u4e8e \/usr\/local\/etc\/\u3002
\u5728 BSD \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 \/etc\/rc.conf \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u6761\u76ee\u6765\u542f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f4d\u4e8e \/etc\/defaults\/rc.conf \u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f1a\u88ab \/etc\/rc.conf \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u8986\u76d6\u3002
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684 \/etc\/rc.conf \u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528 sshd \u3002<\/p>\n

sshd_enable=”YES”
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

# service sshd enable
\u8fd9\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/rc.conf \u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u624b\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\uff1a # service sshd start<\/p>\n

# service sshd start
\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u60f3\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

# service sshd onestart
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e init \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

jail
FreeBSD Jails \u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u58ee\u4e3e\u3002
\u5728 2000 \u5e74 3 \u6708 14 \u65e5\u7684 4.0 \u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cFreeBSD \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 jails \u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
FreeBSD jail \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a FreeBSD \u884d\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a jails \u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 jail \u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5185\u6838\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f00\u9500\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u3002
\u5bf9 FreeBSD jails \u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u5171\u4eab\u73af\u5883\u4e3b\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546 (R&D Associates, Inc.\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0cDerrick T. Woolworth)\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u7531 Poul-Henning Kamp \u5f00\u53d1\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5c42\u65b0\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\u3002
\u901a\u8fc7 jail\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5404\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u673a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8bd5\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 jail \u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u6216\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5305\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e jail \u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u5c0f\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f jail \u5185\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6240\u505a\u7684\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728 jail \u5916\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c”\u53d8\u5316 “\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5220\u9664 jail \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u526f\u672c\u800c\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002
\u7136\u800c FreeBSD jail \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\uff1b \u5b83\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u865a\u62df\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7248\u672c\u3002
FreeBSD jail \u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a jail \u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206(\u5176\u4ed6 jail \u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf)\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3 FreeBSD jail \u548c Linux \u5bb9\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u8bf7\u9605\u8bfb\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0 Setting the Record Straight: containers vs. Zones vs. Jails vs. VMs \u3002
FreeBSD \u6709 iocage \u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u7b80\u5316 jail \u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c VNET \u6216\u5171\u4eab IP \u7f51\u7edc\u7684 ZFS \u652f\u6301\u7684 jail \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

Bastille
Bastille \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
Bastille \u4f7f\u7528 FreeBSD jails \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb9\u5668\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u6a21\u677f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Docker \u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u8f6f\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u6a21\u677f\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u542f\u7528\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5806\u6808\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

Capsicum
Capsicum \u662f\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c99\u76d2\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86 Google \u3001FreeBSD \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u548c DARPA \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002Capsicum \u6269\u5c55\u4e86 POSIX API\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\u4f3c UNIX \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u5b89\u5168\u3002
Capabilities – \u5177\u6709\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7cbe\u70bc\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26
\u80fd\u529b\u6a21\u5f0f–\u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5168\u5c40\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c99\u76d2\u3002
\u6d41\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26–\u4ee5\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b ID \u66ff\u6362
\u533f\u540d\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61–POSIX \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58 API \u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u533f\u540d\u4ea4\u6362\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002
rtld-elf-cap – \u4fee\u6539 ELF \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6c99\u76d2\u5e94\u7528\u3002
libcapsicum – \u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6c99\u76d2\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\u3002
libuserangel – \u5141\u8bb8\u6c99\u76d2\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u5929\u4f7f\uff08\u5982 Power Boxes \uff09\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5e93\u3002
chromium-capsicum – Google \u7684 Chromium \u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u4e3a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6e32\u67d3\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6c99\u76d2\u3002
Capsicum \u7684 FreeBSD \u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7531 Robert Watson \u548c Jonathan Anderson \u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5728 FreeBSD 10.0 \u4e2d\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u3002Capsicum for FreeBSD \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a Capsicum API \u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e3a\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d77\u70b9\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cCapsicum for Linux \u548c Capsicum for DragonFlyBSD)\u3002<\/p>\n

DTrace
DTrace \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece Solaris \u79fb\u690d\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u52a8\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002DTrace \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7b80\u660e\u627c\u8981\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u6709\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u95ee\u9898\u3002
DTrace \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6982\u89c8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u91cf\u3001CPU \u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u3002DTrace \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8c03\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868\u3002
\u6709\u5173 DTrace \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605 DTrace \u5355\u884c\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u548c DTrace \u793a\u4f8b\u3002
\u5728 Hacker News \u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e DTrace for Linux \u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

bhyve
bhyve \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u751f\u7684 FreeBSD \u865a\u62df\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u5ba2\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u865a\u62df CPU \u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5ba2\u4f53\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c I\/O \u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002
bhyve \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5ba2\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec FreeBSD 9+\u3001OpenBSD \u3001NetBSD \u3001Linux \u3001illumos \u3001DragonFly \u3001Windows Vista \u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u548c Windows Server 2008 \u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e8\u5728\u6269\u5927\u5bf9 x86-64 \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002
bhyve \u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728 FreeBSD 10.0-RELEASE \u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002
bhyve \u8981\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u5668\u652f\u6301 Intel Extended Page Tables (EPT) \u6216 AMD Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI) \u6216 Nested Page Tables (NPT)\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a vCPU \u7684 Linux \u5ba2\u5ea7\u6216 FreeBSD \u5ba2\u5ea7\uff0c\u9700\u8981 VMX \u65e0\u9650\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\uff08 UG \uff09\u3002\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u9177\u777f i3\/i5\/i7 \u548c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u81f3\u5f3a E3\/E5\/E7\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002UG \u652f\u6301\u662f\u968f\u7740\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u7684 Westmere \u5fae\u67b6\u6784\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9632\u706b\u5899
FreeBSD \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u3002PF, IPFW, \u548c IPFILTER, \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f IPF.
\u4ece FreeBSD 5.3 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0cOpenBSD \u7684 PF \u9632\u706b\u5899\u88ab\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002PF \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3001\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u6301 ALTQ (Alternate Queuing)\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf (QoS)\u3002PF \u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e IPF \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff08 NAT \uff09\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\uff08 QoS \uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u96c6\u6210\u5230 PF \u4e2d\uff0cQoS \u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165 ALTQ \u6392\u961f\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e PF \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6269\u5c55\u4e86 PF \u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u7684 pfsync \u548c CARP\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684 authpf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u9632\u706b\u5899\u56f0\u96be\u7684 FTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684 ftp-proxy \u7b49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cPF \u8fd8\u652f\u6301 SMP \uff08\u5bf9\u79f0\u591a\u5904\u7406\uff09&STO \uff08\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u9009\u9879\uff09\u3002
PF \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u4f17\u591a\u521b\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002PF \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 pf.conf \u4e2d\u6309\u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u7531 PF \u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a pflog \u7684\u4f2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u65e5\u5fd7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5982 tcpdump \uff09\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u3002
IPFW \u662f\u4e3a FreeBSD \u7f16\u5199\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301 IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u3002\u5b83\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a \u5185\u6838\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8fc7\u6ee4\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53ca\u5176\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7edf\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5de5\u5177\u3001NAT \u3001dummynet \u6d41\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u6865\u63a5\u5de5\u5177\u548c ipstealth \u5de5\u5177\u3002
FreeBSD \u5728 \/etc\/rc.firewall \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u65b0\u624b\u7528\u6237\u751f\u6210\u5408\u9002\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u3002IPFW \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\u96c6\u3002
IPF \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec FreeBSD \u3001NetBSD \u3001OpenBSD \u548c Solaris \u3002IPF \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u4fa7\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c NAT \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6237\u56fd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 ipf \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5220\u9664\uff0cNAT \u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 ipnat \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u5220\u9664\uff0cIPF \u5185\u6838\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528 ipfstat \u6253\u5370\uff0cipmon \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5c06 IPF \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002
IPF \u6700\u521d\u662f\u91c7\u7528 “\u6700\u540e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u83b7\u80dc “\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7f16\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0cIPF \u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c03\u6574
FreeBSD \u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u767e\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 sysctl \u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684 FreeBSD \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a TCP\/IP \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

GEOM
FreeBSD GEOM \u662f FreeBSD \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5c42\u3002GEOM \u662f\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8 GEOM \u6a21\u5757\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cgeom_mirror \u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 RAID1 \u6216\u955c\u50cf\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14 FreeBSD \u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002
\u7531\u4e8e GEOM \u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5806\u53e0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a GEOM \u5c42\u94fe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 geom_mirror \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5982 geom_eli \u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u955c\u50cf\u548c\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u5377\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u662f geom \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5982\u5185\u5b58\u76d8\u3002geom \u6a21\u5757\u53c8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5176\u4ed6 GEOM \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u94fe\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u517c\u5bb9\u6027
FreeBSD \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e Linux \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 FreeBSD \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u8bb8\u591a Linux \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u800c\u65e0\u9700\u9996\u5148\u4fee\u6539\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cLinux \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u3002
\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709 Linux \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u80fd\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c Linux \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528 i386 \u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542f\u7528\u865a\u62df 8086 \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728 FreeBSD \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5ba1\u8ba1
FreeBSD \u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u7cbe\u7ec6\u548c\u53ef\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u66f4\u6539\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76d1\u63a7\u3001\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u4e8b\u540e\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u3002FreeBSD \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Sun \u53d1\u5e03\u7684 Basic Security Module (BSM) \u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3 (API) \u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c \u5e76\u53ef\u4e0e Solaris \u548c MacOS \u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u8bf4\u660e
\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8be6\u5c3d\u5730\u5217\u51fa\u4f7f\u7528 FreeBSD \u800c\u4e0d\u662f GNU\/Linux \u7684\u6280\u672f\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002
\u9664\u975e\u60a8\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5f53\u60a8\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u7ba1\u7406 FreeBSD \u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u611f\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u611f\u548c\u548c\u8c10\u611f\u3002
\u60a8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 FreeBSD \u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u4ee5 Linux \u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u684c\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMozilla \u5f00\u53d1 Firefox \u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f Linux \u3001OSX \u548c Windows \u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a Tier-1 \u5e73\u53f0\u3002FreeBSD \u3001OpenBSD \u3001NetBSD \u548c Solaris \u4f5c\u4e3a Tier-3 \u5e73\u53f0\u4f4d\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u3002Mozilla \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u975e Tier-1 \u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u6784\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ece mozilla-central \u4e3a\u975e Tier-1 \u5e73\u53f0\u6784\u5efa\u7684 Firefox \u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u3002Tier-3 \u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u6216\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u53d7 Mozilla \u7684\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0cMozilla \u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f8b\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002
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\u6211\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u684c\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u4e0a\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 FreeBSD\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6211\u628a\u5728 Debian GNU\/Linux \u548c Arch Linux \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c ZFS \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u4e86 FreeBSD \u3002\u7531\u4e8e FreeBSD \u4e3a ZFS \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002
\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ad9\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 i3 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a97\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7684 FreeBSD \u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u8fd0\u884c Arch Linux \u3002\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u684c\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u60a8\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u5c06 Arch Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u684c\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f FreeBSD\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4ece\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u3001\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u770b — \u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u3002
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