谷歌面试题:二叉树的序列化和反序列化
資深大佬 : zzzrf 11
设计一个算法,并编写代码来序列化和反序列化二叉树。将树写入一个文件被称为“序列化”,读取文件后重建同样的二叉树被称为“反序列化”。
如何反序列化或序列化二叉树是没有限制的,你只需要确保可以将二叉树序列化为一个字符串,并且可以将字符串反序列化为原来的树结构。
对二进制树进行反序列化或序列化的方式没有限制,LintCode 将您的 serialize 输出作为 deserialize 的输入,它不会检查序列化的结果。
点此处在线做题
样例 1:
输入:{3,9,20,#,#,15,7} 输出:{3,9,20,#,#,15,7} 解释: 二叉树 {3,9,20,#,#,15,7},表示如下的树结构: 3 / 9 20 / 15 7 它将被序列化为 {3,9,20,#,#,15,7}
样例 2:
输入:{1,2,3} 输出:{1,2,3} 解释: 二叉树 {1,2,3},表示如下的树结构: 1 / 2 3 它将被序列化为 {1,2,3}
我们的数据是进行 BFS 遍历得到的。当你测试结果 Wrong Answer 时,你可以作为输入调试你的代码。 你可以采用其他的方法进行序列化和反序列化。
[题解]
考点:
- 搜索 题解:
- serialize()采用 bfs,对当前二叉树搜索,遍历 vector,将当前节点左右儿子依次存入 vector,空节点需要删去。
- deserialize()首先切割字符串,然后用 isLeftChild 标记是当前是左右儿子,数字转化为字符串,存为队列首节点的左右儿子。
class Solution { public: /** * This method will be invoked first, you should design your own algorithm * to serialize a binary tree which denote by a root node to a string which * can be easily deserialized by your own "deserialize" method later. */ vector<string> split(const string &str, string delim) { vector<string> results; int lastIndex = 0, index; while ((index = str.find(delim, lastIndex)) != string::npos) { results.push_back(str.substr(lastIndex, index - lastIndex)); lastIndex = index + delim.length(); } if (lastIndex != str.length()) { results.push_back(str.substr(lastIndex, str.length() - lastIndex)); } return results; } string serialize(TreeNode *root) { if (root == NULL) { return "{}"; } vector<TreeNode *> q; q.push_back(root); for(int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) { TreeNode * node = q[i]; if (node == NULL) { continue; } q.push_back(node->left); q.push_back(node->right); } while (q[q.size() - 1] == NULL) { q.pop_back(); } string sb=""; sb += "{"; sb += to_string(q[0]->val); for (int i = 1; i < q.size(); i++) { if (q[i] == NULL) { sb += (",#"); } else { sb += ","; sb += to_string(q[i]->val); } } sb += "}"; return sb; } /** * This method will be invoked second, the argument data is what exactly * you serialized at method "serialize", that means the data is not given by * system, it's given by your own serialize method. So the format of data is * designed by yourself, and deserialize it here as you serialize it in * "serialize" method. */ TreeNode * deserialize(string &data) { // write your code here if (data == "{}") return NULL; vector<string> vals = split(data.substr(1, data.size() - 2), ","); TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(atoi(vals[0].c_str())); queue<TreeNode *> Q; Q.push(root); bool isLeftChild= true; for (int i = 1; i < vals.size(); i++) { if (vals[i] != "#") { TreeNode *node = new TreeNode(atoi(vals[i].c_str())); if (isLeftChild) Q.front()->left = node; else Q.front()->right = node; Q.push(node); } if (!isLeftChild) { Q.pop(); } isLeftChild = !isLeftChild; } return root; } };
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